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In the field of aviation, solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted attention owing to their high-altitude cruise and the availability of renewable energy , .
As shown in Fig. 1(a), the energy supply system, which includes photovoltaic and battery systems, provides the UAVs with energy during the cruise. The photovoltaic system contains photovoltaic arrays and a maximum power point tracker (MPPT).
Considering the actual situation in the flight process, the principle of energy distribution was used to distribute the energy inside the UAVs, and the energy distribution of solar-powered UAVs was optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. A solution flow chart involving all models is shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Model solving flow chart.
Fuel cells, particularly proton exchange membranes, demonstrate high energy density, enabling long flight durations for lightweight UAVs, yet face challenges such as slow response and hydrogen storage limitations.
Power has been restored to over 800,000 residents in Kyiv, a day after Russia launched major attacks on Ukraine's power grid, causing widespread blackouts.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through the Energy Security Project, transferred 137 generators worth about UAH 40 mln to the Communal Utility Kyivteploenergo (CU KTE).
"Emergency repair work is ongoing, and most consumers had their power restored by Monday morning," it said. Mykola Kalashnyk, the governor of Kyiv region, said the attack had damaged the local gas grid and that over 8,000 properties in eight settlements would be disconnected from their gas supply over the next two days as repairs were carried out.
The CU Kyivteploenergo’s staff quickly mastered the algorithms of switching the boiler houses to generators. Those processes, earlier practiced during training sessions on generator usage, became a part of their routine work. “During emergency power outages, the generators enabled us to be ready for a blackout scenario.
