Technical Glass Guide
This guide provides an introductory overview of glass concepts and terminology, plus technical information on Cardinal glass products for both windows and doors.
This guide provides an introductory overview of glass concepts and terminology, plus technical information on Cardinal glass products for both windows and doors.
The glass panels in double-glazed windows transmit heat in both directions by radiation, through the glazing by conduction and across the gap between the panes by convection, by
Explore the most efficient glass for windows based on specific needs, how insulating glass units (commonly known as double or triple
Learn what''s inside a double glazed unit—frames, spacers, gas fills and seals. Understand how each component may influence performance, longevity and comfort.
Given that larger and more complex glass installations become standard, the need for comprehensive IGU analysis and design standards grows. Key factors affecting IGU
Explore the key components of double glazed windows with a detailed diagram. Learn about their parts, functionality, and design for improved insulation and energy efficiency.
This table compares Vitro Architectural Glass product performance data when assembled in a one-inch (25 mm) insulating glass unit with a ½-inch (13 mm) air space and two ¼-inch (6 mm)
OverviewEfficiency ratingHistoryConstructionPerformanceLongevity
Given the thermal properties of the sash, frame, and sill, and the dimensions of the glazing and thermal properties of the glass, the heat transfer rate for a given window and set of conditions can be calculated. This can be calculated in kW (kilowatts), but more usefully for cost benefit calculations can be stated as kWh pa (kilowatt hours per annum), based on the typical conditions over a year for a given location.
Explore the most efficient glass for windows based on specific needs, how insulating glass units (commonly known as double or triple glazing) are built, which parameters
Materials used to fabricate the four major components of an insulated glass unit (IGU) can dramatically affect energy performance. Here are a few
ASTM E2190 Standard Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation references established methods to evaluate gas content before and after a laboratory
Define double glazed glass. Explore the structure, thermal science, and practical benefits for energy efficiency and noise reduction.
Materials used to fabricate the four major components of an insulated glass unit (IGU) can dramatically affect energy performance. Here are a few things to consider about each
This guide provides an introductory overview of glass concepts and terminology, plus technical information on Cardinal glass products for
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